Biogas: Definition, Composition, Production, Microorganisms,
Biogas Plant, Limitations.
Definition of Biogas:
Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
It is a renewable energy source.
Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
It is a renewable energy source.
Composition
of Biogas:
Biogas is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas also comprises of small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and water or moisture.
Biogas is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas also comprises of small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and water or moisture.
Chief constituents of Biogas are -
Methane 65%
Carbon dioxide 25%
Hydrogen 1%
Hydrogen sulfide 3%
Nitrogen 6%
Production
of Biogas:
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant materials and crops.
Biogas is produced as a domestic and industrial scale production from waste materials.
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant materials and crops.
Biogas is produced as a domestic and industrial scale production from waste materials.
Biogas Production follows these factors-
a) During the process, as an air tight tank transforms biomass waste into methane producing renewable energy can be used for heating, electricity.
b) Anaerobic digestion is a process in which microorganisms breakdown biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen.
c) It is used for domestic and industrial purpose to manage waste and release energy.
d) The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials to breakdown insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria.
e) Acidogenic bacteria then converts the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic acids.
f) Acetogenic bacteria then converts these resulted organic acids into acetic acid along with additional ammonia, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
g) Finally, methanogens convert acetic acid and hydrogen into methane and carbon dioxide.
Liquefaction is occurred there, where acid is converted into acetate and then to methane.
a) During the process, as an air tight tank transforms biomass waste into methane producing renewable energy can be used for heating, electricity.
b) Anaerobic digestion is a process in which microorganisms breakdown biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen.
c) It is used for domestic and industrial purpose to manage waste and release energy.
d) The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials to breakdown insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria.
e) Acidogenic bacteria then converts the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic acids.
f) Acetogenic bacteria then converts these resulted organic acids into acetic acid along with additional ammonia, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
g) Finally, methanogens convert acetic acid and hydrogen into methane and carbon dioxide.
Liquefaction is occurred there, where acid is converted into acetate and then to methane.
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| Figure: Process of Biogas Production by Sadia Akhtar JnU |
Microorganisms
used in Biogas Production:
1. Acetogens:
Acetic acid producing bacteria such as Acetobacter spp.
2. Acidogenic bacteria:
Acidogenic bacteria for example, Propionibacterium, Acetivibrio convert sugar into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, volatile fatty acids and organic acids, such as propionic acid, butyric acid.
3. Methanogens:
Methane producing bacteria such as Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus.
1. Acetogens:
Acetic acid producing bacteria such as Acetobacter spp.
2. Acidogenic bacteria:
Acidogenic bacteria for example, Propionibacterium, Acetivibrio convert sugar into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, volatile fatty acids and organic acids, such as propionic acid, butyric acid.
3. Methanogens:
Methane producing bacteria such as Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus.
Biogas
Plant:
A biogas plant involves these components -
1. Mixing tank:
Present above the ground level.
2. Inlet tank:
The mixing tank opens underground into a sloping inlet chamber.
3. Digester:
The inlet chamber opens from below into digester which is a huge tank with a dome like ceiling.
There is a outlet with a valve for the supply of biogas.
4. Outlet tank:
The digester opens from below into an outlet chamber.
5. Overflow tank:
The outlet chamber opens from the top into a small overflow tank.
A biogas plant involves these components -
1. Mixing tank:
Present above the ground level.
2. Inlet tank:
The mixing tank opens underground into a sloping inlet chamber.
3. Digester:
The inlet chamber opens from below into digester which is a huge tank with a dome like ceiling.
There is a outlet with a valve for the supply of biogas.
4. Outlet tank:
The digester opens from below into an outlet chamber.
5. Overflow tank:
The outlet chamber opens from the top into a small overflow tank.
Benefits
of Anaerobic Digestion:
1. It can reduce smell, green house gas and pathogen level.
2. Production of biogas.
3. Improves fertilizer value of manure.
4. Protection of water resources.
5. Recovery of methane that can be used as a fuel.
6. Lower operating costs.
7. Sludge occupies less volume.
8. Easier to dry.
1. It can reduce smell, green house gas and pathogen level.
2. Production of biogas.
3. Improves fertilizer value of manure.
4. Protection of water resources.
5. Recovery of methane that can be used as a fuel.
6. Lower operating costs.
7. Sludge occupies less volume.
8. Easier to dry.
Limitations
of Biogas Production:
1. Initial cost of installation of biogas plant is high.
2. Number of cattle owned by an average fermer family is inadequate to feed a biogas plant.
3. Explosion chances.
4. Incorrect handling of liquid sludge causes pollution.
5. Difficulties in storage system.
1. Initial cost of installation of biogas plant is high.
2. Number of cattle owned by an average fermer family is inadequate to feed a biogas plant.
3. Explosion chances.
4. Incorrect handling of liquid sludge causes pollution.
5. Difficulties in storage system.
The Daily Youth- tdy24.com Presents
"Biogas : Definition, Composition, Production, Microorganisms, Biogas Plant, Limitations"
Written By
Sadia Akhtar
Student of Department of Microbiology
Jagannath University.
Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com
"Biogas : Definition, Composition, Production, Microorganisms, Biogas Plant, Limitations"
Written By
Sadia Akhtar
Student of Department of Microbiology
Jagannath University.
Email- sadiabd810@yahoo.com
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